This research aims to study the challenges of resolving disputes between states and analyze the mechanisms used to resolve them, both judicial and non-judicial. It will highlight the importance of resolving disputes between states and the legal, political, and economic issues it raises. It will also review the international mechanisms used in resolving disputes, providing real-life example. The importance of the state is considered one of the most important topics in contemporary international law. It is a group of individuals whose permanent residence is within a specific and fixed geographical area, with independent and sovereign authority. It can be defined as a socio-political unit composed of interconnected basic elements: people, territory, and sovereign authority. Jurists have defined it as a state subject to a specific rule and with specific laws and customs. The implementation of its provisions and the application of its laws are linked to the fundamental principles of this component...and the state, as the primary programmer of the subjects of public international law. The components of this state must have pillars upon which they are based. The absence or loss of any of these pillars deprives it of the true definition of statehood. Recognition of the status of this state depends not so much on itself as on its compatibility with the surrounding states, in addition to a fundamental element: the opinion of society and the people regarding its credibility and its view of its citizens as equal and equal rights and duties. A narrow distinction between its citizens deprives it of its legitimacy. The people represent the basic and important element of the state, as it is impossible to imagine a state without a people, citizens, or subjects, who are the individuals bound to the state by a political bond: nationality.

international disputes, Armed conflicts ,challenges, resolving.