Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) present significant challenges to urban environments worldwide, characterized by elevated temperatures compared to surrounding rural areas. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the factors contributing to UHI formation, their impacts on urban ecosystems, and various spatial analysis methods employed in UHI studies. The effectiveness of mitigation strategies, including urban planning interventions, green infrastructure, and technological innovations, is examined through case studies and comparative analyses of different urban areas. Key challenges hindering effective UHI mitigation efforts are identified, along with future research directions and policy implications. This review underscores the importance of integrated approaches to mitigate UHIs and promote sustainable urban development.

Urban Heat Islands, spatial analysis, mitigation strategies, urban planning, green infrastructure, remote sensing, GIS, climate adaptation