Punishing the offenders is the primary function of all civil societies1. Prisons are known to have existed throughout history. The existence of prisons can be traced back to the ancient period. It was believed that rigorous isolation and custodial measures would reform the offenders. Experience, however, belied this expectation and often imprisonment had the opposite effect. With the development of behavioral sciences, it began to federalize that the reformation of offenders was not possible by detention alone.

Punishing the offenders is the primary function of all civil societies1.