Given the widespread and ever-increasing usage of passwords, the related cost cannot be overlooked. As a result, it is identified as a necessity for authentication, despite the fact that it has not previously been included in the overall threat model. Herley and Oorschot (2011) presented two research topics for directed authentication. The first step is to 'identify instances in which passwords are appropriate and to encourage measures to increase support for them.' The second is'systematic prioritization of conflicting needs (as rarely all requirements can be met) and application of this prioritisation to alternative comparisons. Herley et al

Quantification Model, Efficiency, Authentication, Password-based Authentication