Dental aesthetics is the main factor in physical attractiveness, which contributes to self-respect. This is one of the main reasons for patients to undergo orthodontic treatment.There are various benefits of orthodontic treatment and in most cases, the benefits outweigh the possible disadvantages. However, a number of iatrogenic effects might occur during or after orthodontic treatment. Iatrogenic damage during orthodontic treatment is defined as deleterious effects to the dentition, periodontium or the patient that may occur as a result of orthodontic treatment. White spot lesions can be a serious side-effect which concern esthetics during orthodontic treatment or may occur after de-bonding. Root resorption may occur due to excessive application of forces to teeth (torque/intrusion), longer treatment span, treatment performed on malformed teeth (dilacerations) and patient’s biological response. Abrasion of enamel against orthodontic brackets may also occur. Orthodontic appliances may have harmful effects on periodontium and can also lead to allergic reactions. Injuries can also occur from orthodontic appliances like headgear which can be intraoral or extraoral injuries. Good clinical practice and careful patient selection is important for minimizing iatrogenic effects of any treatment procedure. The orthodontist has to ensure that the patient is aware of the associated risks and stress the importance of the patient's role in preventing the untoward outcomes. This review thus describes the various iatrogenic effects that can occur during orthodontic treatment and explains the measures to be undertaken for their prevention and also discusses the treatment of iatrogenic effects.

White spot lesions, Root resorption, Abrasion, Iatrogenic effects