Immigration plays a very important role in reducing poverty and vulnerability in low-income families. People leave their native homeland for various economic, social, cultural, and environmental reasons. But in recent years, the trend of migration and demographic changes shows the return of migrants from urban to rural areas, and it seems that the pace of this issue has become more intense and growing, so that in recent years a reverse flow of migration called Urban-rural migration has taken shape. In the present study, the research purpose is to investigate the role and effect of economic, social and environmental developments of Birjand city (Southern Khorasan Province- Eastern Iran) on reverse migration motivations and its process. The research method is descriptive-analysis and its foundation is based on completing a questionnaire in the sample rural districts. Based on the analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.77 indicates sufficient reliability of the questionnaire. The statistical population of the study is villages with more than 20 households in Baqeran district (Birjand, Iran). The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula equal to 378 persons (heads of the households). Then based on the relative distribution of households, among the number of 9 villages studied, a questionnaire was completed. Due to the non-normality of the data, non-parametric tests such as Wilcoxon, Chi-square and Kruskal–Wallis were used for statistical analysis. The results show that the most important economic factor leading to the motivation to migrate from urban to rural areas was the increase in residential property prices and also the increase in rents in residential properties in the city with an average of 3.9 and 3.7 percent. The most important social factor for reverse migration in this rural district was good levels of security with an average of 3.39 percent. Also the most important environmental factors include increased traffic, noise pollution, and its psychological effects with an average of 3.5 percent.

Migration, Reverse Migration, Baqeran Rural District, Birjand city