Investigation of human intelligence has assumed considerable importance to the cognitive scientists during the recent past, since executive control is the single biggest differentiating quality of the human brain, even during early childhood education. It is housed in the neo-cortex, the area that has developed most recently in our evolution. Specifically, the large and significant complexity developed in the prefrontal cortical area (PFC) of the brain is a unique feature of humans, as compared to even the great apes. Within the lifetime of a human being, the PFC in human babies has been considered to evolve later than the more primitive parts of the brain – it happens in early childhood and into adolescence, as demonstrated by the relative lack of self-control exhibited by babies and toddlers, but with increase of such control through the years of growth. While the PFC is broadly responsible for executive control of all sorts, specific functional areas doing specific roles have been delineated by studies using modern imaging techniques. Even so, there is some variability in findings and indeed even some conflicting results. This paper has evaluated the various roles played by the dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (dlPFC) in the human brain, based on the extensive survey of reliable published data on the subject. In young children, the role of the dlPFC is evident in the form of temptation-resistance and aggressionregulation. Understanding of the specifically delineated roles of the dlPFC is especially relevant now given the exposure of even very young children to social rejection, making them vulnerable to greater aggression as a defensive response. This investigation has clearly revealed that the dlPFC has been repeatedly implicated in certain executive functions, while variably implicated in some others. Based on the preliminary study, an attempt has been made to delineate the ones that have the most likely direct relationship with the dlPFC. For adults, this has implications in the study of depression, treatment options for Alzheimer’s, autism, Parkinson’s disease, and other prevalent neurological deficits. During early childhood, it potentially provides the basis for helping children manage their emotional responses and develop controlled, well-deliberated behavior in response to social challenges

Human Cognition, dorsolateral Pre-frontal Cortex (dlPFC), Parkinson’s Disease