Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) have emerged as a promising solution to address the spectrum scarcity challenge by enabling opportunistic spectrum access and efficient utilization of available spectrum resources. Spectrum efficiency is a key objective in CRNs, aiming to maximize the utilization of spectrum while ensuring coexistence with primary users. This research paper examines the impact of spectrum on CRN design and explores various factors that contribute to spectrum efficiency. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of spectrum efficiency in CRNs and the need for innovative spectrum management techniques to enhance network performance and meet the growing demand for wireless communication systems.

Spectrum, sensing, management, utilization, efficiency