Introduction: Interproximal caries occur on the contacting proximal surfaces of two adjacent teeth. The control of caries in these surfaces is challenging in children due to inadequate habits of proper brushing and flossing. Hence, there is a more probable incidence of interproximal caries in children than in adults. Aim: This study aims to assess the prevalence of distal caries in maxillary first primary molars and mesial caries in maxillary second primary molars and to educate and create awareness on the same. Materials and methods: This study was conducted in a private dental institution in Chennai. The patient details of the Department of Paediatric dentistry from June 2020 to Feb 2021 were collected from the Hospital Management system. 186 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected for the study. The data was tabulated in Microsoft Excel sheet and data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 23. Results: Out of the 186 patients analysed, 100 patients presented with distal caries in maxillary first primary molars and 86 patients presented with mesial caries in maxillary second primary molars. Among these, 65 patients presented with interproximal caries i.e. simultaneous presence of distal and mesial caries in maxillary first and second primary molars respectively. Conclusion: The incidence of distal and mesial caries in maxillary first and second primary molars respectively is high, with nearly 35% of incidence of both occurring simultaneously.

Class II, Distal caries, Interproximal caries, Mesial caries, Primary teeth.