The objectives of this research were to study the teaching and learning of music, teaching materials, and assessment in private music schools, Muang District, Phayao Province Thailand. This research was qualitative research using in-depth interview. The findings indicated that each school has a similar style of teaching and learning music both classical and popular music, and it depended on the learners' need. The teaching and learning of music have changed rapidly. Most learners study music individual because it enhance more effective than study in group. Schools have provided appropriate teaching and learning for learners. The teachers can substantially teach about Scales, Arpeggios, and Sight-reading, but learners still have less basis about music because the learners are too young. The problems in teaching and learning because of young learners behave self-willed, which is based on the age of the learners. Therefore, teachers have to provide different methods to teach music lessons. Each school mainly uses the teaching materials of Trinity Guildhall standard, and the schools apply teaching materials to be appropriate and effective for the learners as much as possible. Moreover, teachers assess the learning outcome by themselves. Teachers assess the performance of learners by playing musical instruments and exercises set by teachers. After that the teachers send learners to grade the music at Trinity Guildhall standard because it is very popular among music learners and the test results are standardized. Students can choose to take the exam or not, depending on the needs and voluntary requirements of the learner.

music teaching, private music school